{"id":4556,"date":"2024-08-12T07:06:46","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/?p=4556"},"modified":"2024-08-12T07:11:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:11:27","slug":"avustralyada-yeralti-madenci%cc%87li%cc%87gi%cc%87-ve-baslica-yontemleri%cc%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/tr\/blog\/underground-mining-in-australia-and-its-primary-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Avustralya'da Yeralt\u0131 Madencili\u011fi ve Birincil Y\u00f6ntemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madencilik Avustralya ekonomisinin bel kemi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015f f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunmakta ve \u00fclkeye istikrar getirmektedir. Bu \u00fclke, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden mineral \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler kullanan bir\u00e7ok maden alan\u0131na sahiptir. Ancak Avustralya'da yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi ve bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00f6ntemleri yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/australia\/gdp-from-mining\"> <b>madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc 13,6% olu\u015fturdu<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Avustralya'n\u0131n toplam GSYH'sinin 'sini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n madencilik y\u00f6ntemi yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fiydi. Madenciler yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok teknik kullan\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, t\u00fcm bu teknikleri ve stratejileri inceleyece\u011fiz. \u00d6yleyse, hadi ba\u015flayal\u0131m!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Yeralt\u0131 Madencili\u011fi ve Y\u00f6ntemlerine Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi, yer alt\u0131ndaki cevher ve minerallerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan klasik bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu ama\u00e7la farkl\u0131 madencilik makineleri ve ekipmanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem y\u00fczey madencili\u011finin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda uygulan\u0131r. Sadece Avustralya'da de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video oynat\u0131c\u0131\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PFVUqy3a6WQ?si=VCv6iN80Kuaz8jaG\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genel olarak iki ana madencilik t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/tr\/blog\/yuzey-ve-yeralti-madenciligi-karsilastirmali-bir-rehber\/\"><b>yer\u00fcst\u00fc ve yeralt\u0131<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Gereksinimlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde y\u00fczey madencili\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, mineraller d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk katman\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda derinlerde mevcutsa, y\u00fczey madencili\u011fi yapmak zor olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunu yapsan\u0131z bile, bu \u00e7ok maliyetli ve pratik olmayacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu gibi durumlarda, yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi i\u015fe yarar. Madenciler mineral elde etmek i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n ve kayalar\u0131n derinliklerine inerler. Yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011finde farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Her s\u00fcre\u00e7 veya teknik kendine \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr ve bunlar\u0131n se\u00e7imi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>Do\u011fru Yeralt\u0131 Madencilik Y\u00f6ntemini Se\u00e7menin \u00d6nemi<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4543\" src=\"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Subsurface_Mining-538x600.webp\" alt=\"Y\u00fczeyalt\u0131_Madencilik\" width=\"538\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Subsurface_Mining-538x600.webp 538w, https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Subsurface_Mining-11x12.webp 11w, https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Subsurface_Mining.webp 753w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madencilik kolay de\u011fildir ve pek \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenlik sorunu vard\u0131r. Madencilerin hayatlar\u0131 tehdit alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi y\u00f6ntemini se\u00e7erseniz, bu durum feci hasarlara yol a\u00e7abilir. Yeralt\u0131nda bulunan kayalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131 kayalar sa\u011flamd\u0131r ve madencili\u011fe dayanabilir. Ancak di\u011ferleri zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve zay\u0131f kayalar farkl\u0131 madencilik teknikleri gerektirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, daha zay\u0131f kayalara sahip baz\u0131 madenler destekli madencilik y\u00f6ntemi gerektirir. Zay\u0131f olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6kme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcksektir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6te yandan, baz\u0131 kayalar sa\u011flamd\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015fmez, bu nedenle desteksiz madencilik y\u00f6ntemiyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilirler. Madencilik ekibi \u00f6nce kayalar\u0131n konumunu ve durumunu analiz eder. Daha sonra uygun yeralt\u0131 madencilik y\u00f6ntemini se\u00e7erler. Her birinin art\u0131lar\u0131 ve eksileri olan farkl\u0131 yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>H\u0131zl\u0131 vurgu:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Her yeralt\u0131 madencilik y\u00f6ntemi belirli ko\u015fullara ve alanlara uygundur. Belirli bir y\u00f6ntemin se\u00e7ilmesine ili\u015fkin karar incelemeden sonra verilir. Avustralya'da madenciler farkl\u0131 teknikler kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n her birini bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Avustralya'da Birincil Yeralt\u0131 Madencilik Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video oynat\u0131c\u0131\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NmzOxlxyTLY?si=vteMVdCXg1zI6a9b\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avustralya topraklar\u0131 mineraller a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengindir. Madencilik \u015firketleri bu mineral ve cevherleri \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bir y\u00f6ntemin di\u011ferlerinden daha iyi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeyece\u011fim. Her birinin madencilerin sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte Avustralya'da kullan\u0131lan standart yeralt\u0131 madencilik y\u00f6ntemlerinin listesi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131k Durdurma<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oda ve S\u00fctun<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blok Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kes ve Doldur Madencili\u011fi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uzunayak Madencili\u011fi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alt Seviye Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daha \u00f6nce de s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi, yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6nteme ayr\u0131l\u0131r: destekli, desteksiz ve ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k. Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen y\u00f6ntemler de bu \u00fc\u00e7 kategoriye girmektedir. \u0130lerleyen b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bunlar\u0131 kategorilerine ve kullan\u0131labilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131na i\u015faret ederek a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>1- A\u00e7\u0131k Durdurma (Desteklenmeyen Y\u00f6ntem)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu yeralt\u0131 madencilik y\u00f6ntemi Bat\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Avustralya'da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. G\u00fcvenli, ucuz ve maksimum verimlilik sunuyor. \u0130lk olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi minerallerin yerini bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan madenciler bir \u00e7ukur kazar ya da o b\u00f6lgede dururlar. Bunun desteksiz bir y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n, bu nedenle dura\u011f\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki kayalar iyi durumda kal\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fc\u015fmezler. Madenciler oca\u011fa iner ve cevherleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Tabandan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru kazarlar. B\u00f6ylece, kayalara zay\u0131f bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131 olan cevherler kolayca d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Madencilerin fazladan \u00e7aba harcamas\u0131na gerek kalmaz. Bu madencilik y\u00f6ntemi ayda yakla\u015f\u0131k 20000 ila 25000 cevher \u00fcretebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015eirketler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan madencilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. Yak\u0131ndaki basamak kayalar\u0131 sa\u011flamd\u0131r, bu nedenle madenciler i\u00e7in risk yoktur. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde deli\u011fe girebilir ve cevherleri \u00e7\u0131karabilirler. Dahas\u0131, herhangi bir gev\u015fek kaya varsa, bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yollar kullan\u0131rlar. Bunlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken herhangi bir canl\u0131 tehlike g\u00f6rmezsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>2- Oda ve S\u00fctun (Desteksiz Y\u00f6ntem)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oda ve s\u00fctun y\u00f6ntemi nispeten kolayd\u0131r ancak durarak madencilikten daha az g\u00fcvenlidir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde madenciler cevheri elde etmek i\u00e7in kayalar\u0131 kazarlar. \u0130\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 kayalar\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r ve di\u011ferlerini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Kayalar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmayan k\u0131sm\u0131na s\u00fctun ad\u0131 verilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu k\u0131s\u0131m bir t\u00fcr destektir ve kayan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine izin vermez. Madencilerin kayalar\u0131 kazd\u0131klar\u0131 ve derine indikleri k\u0131s\u0131mlara oda denir. Buralar mineralleri \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerdir. Madenciler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inmeye ve mineralleri \u00e7\u0131karmaya devam ettik\u00e7e oda derinle\u015fir. Basit bir ifadeyle odalar, madencilerin gerekli mineralleri ald\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerdir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madencilik yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, t\u00fcm alan odalar ve s\u00fctunlar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr alanlardaki kayalar \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fildir. Kaz\u0131lara dayanamazlar ve d\u00fc\u015febilirler. Bu nedenle, bu madencilik y\u00f6ntemi i\u015fe yarar. Madenciler s\u00fctunlara g\u00fcveniyor ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inip kaz\u0131yorlar. \u0130yi olan \u015fey ise bu s\u00fctunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm sallanan yap\u0131lara stabilite sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>3- Blok Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k (Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu madencilik y\u00f6ntemini seviyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok verimli. G\u00fcnde 100.000 ton cevher \u00fcretebilir ve bu miktar iste\u011fe g\u00f6re art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde madenciler bir t\u00fcnel a\u00e7\u0131yor ve genellikle sert kayalar \u00fczerinde kalan cevher k\u00fctlesinin yak\u0131n\u0131na derinlemesine iniyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madenciler bu kaya par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 cevher k\u00fctlesinin taban\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kararak alt\u0131n\u0131 oyarlar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, alttaki kayan\u0131n eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle cevher k\u00fctlesi dengesiz hale gelir. B\u00f6ylece, bu cevher k\u00fctlesi d\u00fc\u015fmeye ve dipte birikmeye ba\u015flar. G\u00f6vdenizin bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok kontroll\u00fc oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madenciler, cevher k\u00fctlesi d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve birikti\u011finde gerekli mineralleri \u00e7\u0131karabilirler. Modern makineler \u00e7ok verimlidir ve cevherleri h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde toplayabilir. Madencilik s\u00fcrecini \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir hale getirirler. Hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi, bu y\u00f6ntem madenciler i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlidir. Cevher k\u00fctlesi d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uzak dururlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>4- B\u00fcz\u00fclme Durdurma (Desteklenmeyen Y\u00f6ntem)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00fcz\u00fclme y\u00f6ntemi \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve madenciler i\u00e7in de g\u00fcvensiz olabilir. Cevher k\u00fctlesi \u00e7ok dik ve dikey olarak derin oldu\u011funda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir cevher k\u00fctlesinin taban\u0131na ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu gibi durumlarda madenciler cevher k\u00fctlesine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yollar kullanarak t\u00fcneller kazarlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cevher k\u00fctlesine ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, ondan cevher \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Bildi\u011finiz gibi, t\u00fcm cevheri bir kerede almak zordur. Bu y\u00fczden madenciler b\u00fcy\u00fck cevher k\u00fctlesinin alt taraf\u0131n\u0131 kazar ve keserler. Cevherleri \u00e7\u0131karmaya devam ederler. Cevher k\u00fctlesinin taban\u0131 bo\u015fald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zaman gelir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cevher k\u00fctlesi yer\u00e7ekimi ve destek eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Madencilerin i\u015fi \u00e7ok kolayla\u015f\u0131r ve cevher k\u00fctlesi kendi kendine par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Mineralleri ve cevherleri h\u0131zla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Bu y\u00f6ntemin dik ve derin kayalar i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n. Cevher k\u00fctlesinin taban\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in derin t\u00fcneller yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>H\u0131zl\u0131 \u0130pucu:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Madenciler \u00e7ok derine inmelerine ra\u011fmen g\u00fcvende kal\u0131rlar. Bunun nedeni, yak\u0131ndaki kayalar\u0131n sa\u011flam olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Madenciler \u00fczerlerinde delik a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131nda bile dayanabilirler. Ancak madencilerin \u00e7ok derinlere ve diklere inmesi gerekti\u011finden bu y\u00f6ntem zaman al\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>5- Kes ve Doldur Madencili\u011fi (Desteklenen Y\u00f6ntemler)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle bu y\u00f6ntem \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak kayalar\u0131n \u00e7ok sa\u011flam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olabilir. Bu, destekli yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011finin bir alt t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Madenciler kazar ve dik cevher k\u00fctlesine inerler. Cevher k\u00fctlesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice keserler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cevher k\u00fctlesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra madenciler bo\u015flu\u011fu dolgu malzemesi ile doldurur. Bu dolgu malzemesi kaya yap\u0131lar\u0131na stabilite ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Yumu\u015fak do\u011fas\u0131 nedeniyle kaya d\u00fc\u015fmez. B\u00f6ylece madenciler cevherleri \u00e7\u0131karmaya ve bo\u015fluklar\u0131 dolgu malzemesi ile doldurmaya devam ederler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu \u015fekilde cevheri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 al\u0131rlar. Dolgu malzemesi cevher k\u00fctlesini sabit tutar. Dolgu malzemesi mevcut de\u011filse, baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle cevher g\u00f6vdesi \u00e7\u00f6kecektir. Ancak bu dolgu malzemesi pahal\u0131d\u0131r ve s\u00fcreci maliyetli hale getirir. Ayr\u0131ca, kayalar \u00e7ok sert olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in madenciler i\u00e7in de bir risk s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>6- Uzunayak Madencili\u011fi (Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu y\u00f6ntem madencilerin yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez. Bunun yerine, makas ve konvey\u00f6rler zor i\u015fi yapar. \u0130lk olarak, kayan\u0131n alt\u0131nda bulunan k\u00f6m\u00fcr blo\u011fu tespit edilir. \u015eirketler bu t\u00fcr k\u00f6m\u00fcr bloklar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 teknikler ve teknolojiler kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bundan sonra, k\u00f6m\u00fcr paneli tek bir hat veya dilim halinde madencilik s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7er. Bir kesme makinesi olan kesici, konvey\u00f6r \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc keser. Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, bu kesici k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc madenden y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karan z\u0131rhl\u0131 bir y\u00fczey konvey\u00f6r\u00fcne iter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki tavan neden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor? Madenciler tavan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini engellemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kalkanlar kullan\u0131yor, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla madenciler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir risk yok. Ancak bu yeralt\u0131 madencilik s\u00fcreci yava\u015f ve \u00e7ok maliyetli. Dilimlerin derinliklerine inmek ve \u00e7at\u0131da konvey\u00f6rler ve kalkanlar kullanmak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>7- Alt Seviye Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k (Ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu madencilik y\u00f6ntemi, kayalar\u0131n \u00e7ok sa\u011flam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde uygulan\u0131r. Cevher k\u00fctlesi genellikle derin ve diktir. Madenciler bu cevher k\u00fctlesine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in derin t\u00fcneller a\u00e7arlar. Alt seviyeler olarak da bilinen birden fazla derin t\u00fcnelin, cevher k\u00fctlesinin bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6ne do\u011fru yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Hedefe ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda cevher k\u00fctlesinde bir delik olu\u015ftururlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As\u0131l soru \u015fu: cevher k\u00fctlesini nas\u0131l k\u0131racaklar? Madenciler bu ama\u00e7la patlay\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar. Bu patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 cevher k\u00fctlesinin deliklerine yerle\u015ftirir ve patlat\u0131rlar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, b\u00fcy\u00fck cevher k\u00fctlesi par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Madenciler bu cevheri al\u0131r ve y\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu y\u00f6ntem hem pahal\u0131 hem de g\u00fcvensizdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Madencilik Y\u00f6ntemi Se\u00e7iminde Etkili Olan Fakt\u00f6rler<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4385\" src=\"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/How_Hydraulics_Help_Underground_Mining-600x450.webp\" alt=\"Hidrolik_Yeralt\u0131_Madencili\u011fine_Nas\u0131l_Yard\u0131m Eder?\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/How_Hydraulics_Help_Underground_Mining-600x450.webp 600w, https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/How_Hydraulics_Help_Underground_Mining-800x600.webp 800w, https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/How_Hydraulics_Help_Underground_Mining-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/How_Hydraulics_Help_Underground_Mining-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/fuchenglhd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/How_Hydraulics_Help_Underground_Mining.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bildi\u011finiz gibi, Avustralya madencilik s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in bir merkezdir. Bir\u00e7ok maden \u015firketi burada faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte ve milyonlarca ton maden aramaktad\u0131r. Ancak, belirli bir y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in sabit bir kural yoktur. Y\u00f6ntem se\u00e7imi madenin ve b\u00f6lgenin ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Avustralya topraklar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan belirli bir y\u00f6ntemden bahsedemem. Baz\u0131 madencilik operasyonlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k durdurma, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise blok oyma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131labiliyor. Bu bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak en \u00f6nemli ve belirleyici iki fakt\u00f6r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>Kaya ve Cevherin Stabilitesi<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu, bir madencilik y\u00f6nteminin se\u00e7ilmesinde en etkili fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ana kategori oldu\u011fundan bahsetmi\u015ftim. Bunlar kayalar\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve stabilitesine dayan\u0131r. Se\u00e7im kriterlerinin kaya sertli\u011fine nas\u0131l ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayay\u0131m. Kaya veya cevher k\u00fctlesi sa\u011flam ve sert ise desteksiz madencilik y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u011fer kaya yumu\u015faksa, ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Madencilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir \u015firket, maddi varl\u0131klar\u0131 olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atmak istemez. Bu nedenle, kayan\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 analiz eder, inceler ve sonra karar verirler.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>Maliyet ve Pratiklik<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri madencilik y\u00f6nteminin de\u011fer \u00f6nerisidir. Maliyet-etkin olmayan tekniklerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 mant\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u015eirketler madencilik projelerinden k\u00e2r elde etmeyi hedefler. Pahal\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri tercih ederlerse para kaybederler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Belirli y\u00f6ntemler madencilik alan\u0131 ile uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Madencilik y\u00f6ntemi o \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131 tamamlarsa, madencilik maliyeti daha az olacakt\u0131r. Ancak yanl\u0131\u015f madencilik y\u00f6nteminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 maliyet etkinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan felaket olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Avustralya'daki En B\u00fcy\u00fck Yeralt\u0131 Madencilik Operasyonlar\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dedi\u011fim gibi, Avustralya'n\u0131n madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00fclke ekonomisine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Sizi bir istatistikle \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmama izin verin.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ga.gov.au\/education\/minerals-energy\/australian-mineral-facts#:~:text=Australia%20produces%2019%20useful%20minerals,from%20over%20350%20operating%20mines.\"> <b>GeoScience Avustralya'ya g\u00f6re<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avustralya'da \u015fu anda faaliyette olan 350 maden var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu madenlerden ne kadar mineral \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu madenler Avustralya'n\u0131n her yerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Avustralya'n\u0131n bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgeleri madencilik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte Avustralya'daki en \u00f6nemli yeralt\u0131 madencilik faaliyetlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n listesi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mount Isa Madenleri (Queensland)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fosterville Alt\u0131n Madeni (Victoria)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cadia Valley Operasyonlar\u0131 (Yeni G\u00fcney Galler)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anglo-Amerikan Avustralya'n\u0131n Callide (Queensland)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fortescue Metals operasyonlar\u0131 (Bat\u0131 Avustralya)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madencili\u011fin Ekonomik Katk\u0131s\u0131 (Yeni G\u00fcney Galler)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rio Tinto operasyonlar\u0131 (Queensland ve Yeni G\u00fcney Galler).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BHP Billiton'un G\u00fcney Avustralya'daki Olympic Baraj\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cadia Valley'in yeralt\u0131 maden i\u015fletmesi tek ba\u015f\u0131na Avustralyal\u0131lar i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 i\u015f f\u0131rsat\u0131 yaratmaktad\u0131r. Maden rezervleri daha da \u00f6nemlidir. Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok maden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak bunlar\u0131n da madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne katk\u0131s\u0131 dikkate de\u011ferdir. Avustralya her y\u0131l milyonlarca ton maden kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretmektedir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>Avustralya'da yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi y\u00f6ntemleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avustralya'da \u00e7e\u015fitli yeralt\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k durdurma, oda, s\u00fctun, blok ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k, b\u00fcz\u00fclme, uzunayak ve alt seviye ma\u011farac\u0131l\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Her teknik farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>Avustralya'da yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi var m\u0131?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evet, yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi Avustralya'da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok Avustralyal\u0131 madencilik \u015firketi maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6nteme g\u00fcvenmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><b>Avustralya'da yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011finin avantajlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kayalar\u0131n derinliklerindeki mineralleri \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar ki bunu ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6ntem ba\u015faramaz. Dahas\u0131, d\u00fczenli bir mineral ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayan daha tutarl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Hava ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan etkilenmez ve arazi y\u00fczeyinden mineral y\u0131kanmas\u0131na neden olmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Sonu\u00e7<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011fi tonlarca cevher \u00fcretebilir. Y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim oran\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fi onu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Madenciler i\u00e7in bir madencilik merkezi olan Avustralya, mineralleri \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yeralt\u0131 teknikleri kullan\u0131r. Bu k\u0131lavuzda Avustralya'daki yedi standart madencilik y\u00f6nteminden bahsettim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak hi\u00e7bir madencilik \u015firketi belirli bir y\u00f6ntemi kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti etmez. Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin se\u00e7imi madencilik alan\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm madencilik y\u00f6ntemleri maliyet-etkinlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Bununla birlikte, madencilik y\u00f6ntemlerinin se\u00e7imini iki temel fakt\u00f6r etkiler: kayan\u0131n ve cevher k\u00fctlesinin stabilitesi ve maliyet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mining has been the backbone of the Australian economy. It offers many job opportunities and brings stability to the country. This country has many mining areas that use different ways to extract minerals from the earth. However, underground mining in Australia and its primary methods are prevalent in Australia. &nbsp; In 2023, the mining industry [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4385,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Underground Mining in Australia and its Primary Methods<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This detailed guide covers &quot;Underground mining in Australia and its primary methods.&quot; Read till the end to get a detailed understanding.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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